Fig. 1. Parameter functions for three gleaning echolocation call sequences of an individual M. septentrionalis. (A) Attack on non-arctiid moth; (B) attack on muted C. tenera; (C) attack on intact C. tenera. Duration = call duration. Duty cycle = duration/period. Modulation cycle (open triangles) indicates the onset of the first click of each tymbal modulation cycle. Broken lines represent the bat's initial contact with the trellis and the bat taking off from the trellis (estimated from spectrograms). In A, the bat did not produce calls detected by our microphone from just prior to contact with the trellis, as expected, or as it flew away, perhaps due to the moth in its mouth.