Fig. 1. Effect of dietary manipulation (Experiment 1) on abdominal lipid amounts in 5-day-old bees collected prior to colony onset of foraging. Bees in single-cohort-colonies were fed either a typical diet (honey and pollen; black bars), a pollen-deprived diet (honey only; grey bars), or a diet containing TOFA and honey (no pollen; white bars). (A) Trial by trial results. Values are means ± S.E.M.; numbers within bars represent the number of bees analyzed per group. *P<0.05, ANOVA within trials. (B) Pooled results for three trials (overall ANOVA, P<0.0001); groups that differed significantly are designated with different letters (a,b,c).