Fig. 12. Patterned motoneuron activity during walking-like movements persists after pymetrozine treatment. Data before (A) and after (B) pymetrozine application (0.5 µg g^–1 body mass) are shown for comparison. Ai and Bi show sample recordings; leg position, top trace (anterior is to the top, i.e. swing phases are represented by rapid upward strokes); electromyograms (EMGs) of tibia extensor (M106) and coxa levator/protractor (M94/95) muscles, middle and bottom traces, respectively. Aii and Bii show corresponding averages of leg movement (top) and time histograms of EMG discharges (middle and bottom; bin widths 10 ms, ordinate scales normalised to number of steps evaluated). Zero on the abscissa marks the start of swing movement; reference lines in top traces mark lateral leg position. Note the differences in leg movement and timing of levator activity after pymetrozine application; for details, see text.