Fig. 5. Hovering (A) and circling (B) learning flights of bees transplanted by three different techniques: caging small groups of foragers (Ai, Bi), moving the entire hive intact (Aii, Bii), and putting the colonies through a swarming process as they were transplanted (Aiii, Biii). Note that the scales of the graphs for the hovering flights (A) and circling flights (B) are different. Also shown in each panel is the mean flight duration ± S.D. and the sample size, the latter in parentheses. The flight durations for Swarms 1 and 3 are indistinguishable (Aiii, Biii; shaded compared to black), so the results from the two swarms are pooled for statistical comparisons with the other groups (see Materials and methods).