Fig. 7. Average time histories of joint angles as well as total length L of the limbs. TSS, tuber of spina scapulae. From each of 23 horses one jump was used in which the left forelimb limb was leading and one in which it was trailing. For each jump, time was normalized separately for the forelimb push and for the hindlimb push, and subsequently results were averaged over horses. Results for the hindlimb push were averaged over all jumps regardless of lead. Solid lines indicate averages; broken lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. Dotted curves for the elbow angle and shoulder angle in the trailing forelimb represent the average results obtained with uncorrected skin marker positions.