Fig. 1. Locations of anatomical markers (A) and definitions of joint angles (B). (A) Markers indicated with a star were used to construct a template of the trunk. Markers were in the following locations: 1, left crista facialis (cranial); 2, left wing of atlas; 3, spinous process of T6 (withers); 4, spinous process of T13; 5, spinous process of L2; 6, spinous process of L5; 7, spinous process of S2; 8, spinous process of S5; 9, left tuber coxae; 10, greater trochanter of the left femur; 11, lateral epicondyle of the left femur; 12, lateral side of distal end of the left talus; 13, lateral side of the head (distal end) of the 3rd metatarsal bone; 14, lateral side of the coronet of the left hind hoof; 15, medial side of the coronet of the right hind hoof; 16, right radial carpal bone; 17, medial side of the head (distal end) of the 3rd metacarpal bone; 18, medial side of the coronet of the right front hoof; 19, lateral side of the coronet of the left front hoof; 20, lateral side of the head (distal end) of the 3rd metacarpal bone; 21, left ulnar carpal bone; 22, lateral epicondyle of the left humerus; 23, greater tubercle (caudal part) of the humerus; 24, tuber of the left spina scapulae; 25, transverse process of C6. (B) Joint angles () were calculated for the left hip, left stifle, left hock, left metatarsophalangeal joint (mtp), left metacarpophalangeal joint (mcp), left carpal joint, left elbow joint, and left shoulder joint.