Fig. 8. Lift coefficients per wing at a Reynolds number of 8 are plotted as functions of time for the fling half-strokes shown in Fig. 7A,B. The bar at the top of the graph shows the number of chord lengths traveled. The first peak in the lift coefficients corresponds to the large lift forces generated during wing rotation. The second peak in the lift coefficients corresponds to the period of translational acceleration. The lift forces per wing are on average about 35% greater during translation after clap and fling than during the steady translation of a single wing with no clap and fling (this average was taken over the fraction of the stroke from 0.37 to 1, after rotation had finished).