Fig. 19. Drag coefficients for one-winged fling as functions of time for a range of Reynolds numbers (Re). The letters i–viii along the x axis correspond to the times the streamlined plots labelled i–viii in Fig. 15B were drawn. The angle of attack during pure translation was set to 45°. In general, drag coefficients are smaller for higher Re. In comparison to the two-winged case, drag coefficients are significantly lower during `clap' (the end of the upstroke) for all Re. During wing rotation at the beginning of the downstroke, drag coefficients are substantially lower than the two-winged case for all Re. The difference between the one and two-winged case is greatest at lower Re.