Fig. 17. Lift coefficients as functions of time for one wing moving with the same clap and fling motion as shown in Fig. 16. The letters i–viii along the x axis correspond to the times the streamlined plots labelled i–viii in Fig. 15B were drawn. The angle of attack during pure translation was set to 45°. The Reynolds number (Re) was varied by changing the translational velocity of the wing from 0.00375 to 0.06 m s^–1. In general, lift coefficients increase with Re. The lift forces generated during the initial upstroke are very similar to those shown in the two-winged case (i–iii). During fling, lift coefficients during rotation and the subsequent translation (vi–viii) are significantly less than the two-winged case for Re=32 and below.