Fig. 3. Maximal shortening velocity. Maximal muscle shortening velocity (v_max, muscle lengths ML s^–1) was significantly lower following both cold acclimation and exercise training. The extent of the effect tended to increase more with cold acclimation than with exercise training. Values are means ± S.E.M. and different superscripted letters indicate significant pairwise differences between groups. CS, cold, sedentary; CT, cold, trained; TnS, thermoneutral, sedentary; TnT, thermoneutral, trained.