Fig. 3. Percentage survival (mean ± S.E.M.; N=50) of 10°C-reared first instar and newly moulted pre-reproductive S. avenae, 72 h after cooling from 10° to 0°C at various rates, prior to exposure to the discriminating temperature (–11.5°C for first instar nymphs and –12°C for newly moulted adults). Means with the same letter are not significantly different at P<0.05 (Tukey multiple comparison test).