Fig. 3. Anterior red muscle strain (red trace), measured by sonomicrometry, superimposed onto predicted strain (open circles), calculated from midline curvature (K) at 0.6L for four consecutive tailbeat cycles in an 80 cm mako. Red muscle strain at 0.4L was in phase with curvature and predicted strain at 0.6L. The mako image, modified from Compagno (1998), is used to illustrate the relative positions of synchronized strain and body curvature.