Fig. 2. Timing of electromyogram (EMG) offset (A) and onset (B) of activation relative to the strain cycle in all makos (N=7; open symbols) at anterior and posterior body positions, illustrating the lack of longitudinal variation in the phase of activation. Values shown for each individual represent a mean (± S.E.M.) of multiple tailbeat cycles. Also shown are mean EMG/strain phases for the leopard shark (filled symbols), modified from Donley and Shadwick (2003). Inset in B is a diagrammatic representation of activation phase relative to sinusoidal strain cycle in mako (red) and leopard shark (black).