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Fig. 4. Synergistic effects between CSTX-13 and CSTX-9, cupiennin 1a or CSTX-1, corresponding to their molar concentrations in the venom, as measured in a Drosophila bioassay. (Left) The mortality caused by CSTX-9 alone (filled bar; 143.14 µmol l-1) was compared with the mortality due to co-injection with CSTX-13 (open bar; 95.14 µmol l-1, {dagger}P<0.001) in a molar ratio of 1.6:1. (Middle) The mortality caused by cupiennin 1a (filled bar; 90 µmol l-1) was compared with the mortality due to co-injection with CSTX-13 (open bar; 22.5 µmol l-1, n.s.) in a molar ratio of 4:1. (Right) The mortality caused by CSTX-1 (filled bar; 5.99 µmol l-1) was compared with the mortality due to co-injection with CSTX-13 (open bar; 0.67 µmol l-1, {dagger}P<0.001) in a molar ratio of 9:1. CSTX-13 showed no toxic effect when administered alone as control (not shown). All data with mean ±S.E.M. (N=24 groups); Fisher LSD test.