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Fig. 2. Synergistic effects between cupiennin 1a and CSTX-1, CSTX-9 or CSTX-13 as measured in a Drosophila bioassay. (Left) The mortality caused by CSTX-1 alone (filled bar; 5.99 µmol l-1) was compared with the mortality due to co-injection with cupiennin 1a (open bar; 0.96 µmol l-1; {dagger}P<0.001). (Middle) The mortality caused by CSTX-9 alone (filled bar; 143.14 µmol l-1) was compared with the mortality due to co-injection with cupiennin 1a (open bar; 0.96 µmol l-1; {dagger}P<0.001). (Right) the mortality of CSTX-13 alone (filled bar; 239.4 µmol l-1) was compared with the mortality due to co-injection with cupiennin 1a (open bar; 0.96 µmol l-1; {dagger}P<0.001) (data from Wullschleger et al., 2004). Cupiennin 1a showed no toxic effect when administered alone as control (not shown). All data with mean ±S.E.M. (N=24 groups); Fisher LSD test.