Fig. 5. Mean homing direction of repeatedly tested subjects in experiment I (N=8). Each pair of large circles represents the arena in its clockwise (left) or counterclockwise (right) rotated position, and the two dashed lines inside are the two-leg outward journeys starting at the current position of the nest. The dashed rectangle beneath each circle represents the nest box in its standard 0° position, while the solid rectangle in the upper part of the diagram represents the rotated nest. The dots along the periphery of the arena circle indicate the mean orientation of each subject in 10–14 return trips, at the moment where the animal had reached the peripheral annular zone of the arena. The (larger) open circles on the same level represent the mean orientation of the whole experimental group. The arrows that are centred on the point of departure of the return journey represent the mean orientation of each subject at a distance of 35 cm from the starting point of the return. The mean orientation of the whole experimental group is represented by a large open arrow. For first order data, open symbols represent non-significant results and full symbols represent significant results (P<0.05 or 0.01; test of Rayleigh). All second order data are significant at the 0.01 level (test of Moore).