Fig. 6. 50% relative humidity (RH) – random check controls (A,B) and tests (C–F). Bimodal orientation was expected. Untrained beetles' bearings are randomly distributed (A,B). In darkness (C), females showed no orientation but (E) males were bimodally distributed (P<0.05, Rayleigh test on doubled angles) and differed significantly from females (sexes could not be pooled together). However, the 95% confidence interval for the males' mean axis of orientation did not include the trained magnetic axis. In light (D), females oriented unimodally away from the magnetic bearing of light and (F) males oriented bimodally in the expected direction – confidence interval for the mean axis of orientation included the trained magnetic axis. N=60.