Fig. 1. Effects of overexpression of BR-Z3 in w¹¹¹⁸; hs-Z3; hs-Z3 larvae. (A) Induction of BR-Z3 at 11 h after ecdysis to the second instar. Left: blocked pharate third instar larva showing both the second instar (arrow heads) and the third instar (arrows) mouthhooks. Right: double spiracles in a blocked pharate third instar larva (arrow head points to the second instar spiracle, and arrow points to that of the third instar). (B) Induction of BR-Z3 at 5 h after ecdysis to the second instar. Left: normal third instar puparium. Middle: second instar puparium after experimental treatment. Note the uneverted anterior spiracles (arrow head) in the L2 puparium as compared with the everted multi club-shaped third instar spiracles (arrow). The L2 puparium is about two-thirds the size of the w¹¹¹⁸ normal puparium. Most of the L2 pupae developed up to stage P8 and, in very rare cases, they formed pharate adults (right).