Fig. 5. Time history of aerodynamic force coefficients of the typical case. (A)
Non-dimensional angular velocity of pitching rotation
(
) and azimuthal
rotation (
); (B) time
courses of lift coefficient (CL) and (C) drag coefficient
(CD) in one cycle. Reynolds number (Re)=200,
stroke amplitude (
)=150°, midstroke angle of attack
(
m)=40° and non-dimensional duration of wing rotation
(
r)=1.87 [mean angular velocity of rotation
(
)=0.93]; symmetrical rotation.