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Fig. 13. The effects of rotation timing on force coefficients. (A) Non-dimensional angular velocity of pitching rotation () and azimuthal rotation (); (B) time courses of lift coefficient (CL) and (C) drag coefficient (CD) in one cycle. Reynolds number (Re)=200, stroke amplitude ({Phi})=150°, mid-stroke angle of attack ({alpha}m)=40° and non-dimensional duration of wing rotation ({Delta}{tau}r)=1.87 [mean angular velocity of rotation ({varpi})=0.93].