Fig. 6. Examples of electromyogram (EMG) patterns from S-start strike and startle behaviors. EMGs from rostral, midbody and caudal axial white muscle on both sides of the body and from left side jaw adductor muscle are shown. S, L and End indicate the end of the S-bend, L-bend and stage 2, respectively. The y-axis for jaw adductor EMGs of strikes and startles and for left caudal activity of the strike range from –1.0 mV to 1.0 mV while all other graphs range from –0.6 mV to 0.6 mV.Traces are aligned to first onset of activity with a vertical broken line. During the strike, caudal muscle activity (right side) occurs prior to more rostral activity; during the startle, there is near simultaneous activity of rostral and midbody muscle on one side of the body, in this case the left, with caudal muscle on the opposite side. During the strike, jaw muscle activity onset is considerably delayed from first onset of axial activity, while during the startle the jaw muscle is active from initiation of axial muscle activity.