Fig. 4. Durations of kinematics stages of S-start behaviors for the northern pike (Esox lucius). Values are means ± S.E.M.. The durations of the combined stages 1 and 2 movements, the S-bend and stage 1 were significantly greater for strikes than for startles. By contrast, there was no significant difference in L-bend or stage 2 durations between strikes and startles.