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Fig. 4. Effect of decreasing atmospheric oxygen partial pressure (PO2) on mass-specific CO2 emission (CO2) and mass-specific O2 consumption (O2) for adult grasshoppers. Critical oxygen pressures (Pc) were similar for both indices of metabolic rate. The inset depicts the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) for these animals as atmospheric PO2 decreases to the Pc. RERs at 0 and 0.6 kPa O2 are off scale and are not shown; N=8 for each treatment group.