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Fig. 3. Vorticity field in four cases, ß=75°, 63°, 48° and 30°. In each case, 10 snapshots equally spaced over one period are shown (red, counterclockwise rotation; blue, clockwise rotation). The elliptic wing is in white. The stroke plane is horizontal for graphing purposes. The direction of gravity (g) relative the stroke plane is shown at the top left.