Fig. 16. Variation of kinematic parameters in relation to mode. (A) Comparison of
wingtip trajectories during Mode 2 (black) and Mode 1 (pink). Blue circles
indicate ventral amplitudes during Mode 2, and red circles indicate ventral
amplitudes during Mode 1. (B) Examples of wing orientations during the
upstroke for Mode 2 (black) and Mode 1 (pink).