Fig. 15. Mean force vector and resultant directional forces and moments. (A) Schematic illustrating primary type of variation in mean force vector during the upstroke as in Fig. 10F. Differences in force inclination were well correlated with dorsal amplitude. Correlation between dorsal amplitude and upstroke (B) mean force magnitude (R²=0.009), (C) mean force inclination (R²=0.75), (D) mean lift (blue; R²=0.79) and mean thrust (green; R²=0.09), and (E) mean roll (blue; R²=0.58) and mean yaw (green; R²=0.18).