Fig. 10. Frequency distributions of hair cell orientations on lateral line canal neuromasts in the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina. The main neuromast and longitudinal canal axis lies along the 0–180° line (inset). Semicircular (from 0–180°) angular orientations from the canal axis are expressed as the percentage of total hair cells and compiled in 11.25° bins. Neuromasts in all three canal subsystems have the majority (>85%) of hair cells oriented within 45° of the main canal axis, and a small percentage oriented nearly orthogonal (90°) to this axis. However, there are no differences in hair cell orientations among dorsal pored (Dp), ventral pored (Vp) and ventral non-pored (Vnp) neuromasts. Sample sizes (N) represent the number of animals, number of hair cells measured.