Fig. 2. Patterns of antenna movements analyzed from video recording from the simultaneous conditioning procedure. Antennal projection responses (APRs) are the pointing behaviors of the right antenna to the cue position after a 2-s stimulation during a 20-s observation period. The APR patterns are presented in polar plots and the data are smoothed using five-point adjacent averaging. Black dots represent the position of the right antenna at a given time, and each point gives the continuous changes of antennal angles throughout the 2 s light-on stimulus and the following 8-s observation period. Vectors (blue arrows) show average points during the APR that vary significantly from baseline. During pre-training (A1-A3), there are spontaneous antennal movements but no APRs to the LED (green circle) position. During training (B1-B5), antenna movements after LED onset show an increasingly precise APR to the cue position. During testing (C1-C3), APRs were induced by the visual stimuli and were very similar to the APRs during olfactory stimuli. This animal showed no APR during the third trial of the test (C3). Control tests (D1-D3) did not result in APRs to red LED stimulation.