Fig. 4. Jamming avoidance responses (JARs) and artificial pulses. Interval and delay plots. Isolated fish electric organ discharge (EOD) represented by intervals (circles); artificial pulses represented by delays relative to the EOD (asterisks with lines) and intervals (thick gray line). (A) 1:1 period ratio (male EOD). (B) 2:1 period ratio (male EOD). (C) JARs (female EOD) arise with 2:1 period ratios but not when those ratios vary because EOD intervals change. (D) JARs (male EOD) with 2:1 period ratios but not when those ratios vary because pulse intervals change. (E) 3:1 period ratio (female EOD). (F) Numerically generated data referring to the situation depicted in E. The slow train is plotted as interval vs time with black circles and represents the fish. The fast train represents the artificial pulses and is plotted both as delay vs time (asterisks plus lines) and as interval vs time (thick gray line). M^* of the fast train=12.0 ms; M^* of the slow train=36 ms.