Fig. 2. Hatchling painted turtles were inoculated with ice at temperatures only slightly below the equilibrium freezing point for bodily fluids (approx. -0.7°C). After the animals had frozen to a thermal equilibrium at -2°C, they were exposed for varying periods to temperatures between -2 and -4°C (as indicated by lines representing the different temperature profiles). Samples were removed at times designated by arrows, and the turtles were allowed to thaw slowly. The number to the left of each solidus is the number of survivors; the number to the right of each solidus is the sample size. Data are from Packard et al. (1999b) and Packard and Packard (in press).