Fig. 6. Effects of cadmium concentration on C. virginica mitochondrial volume in vitro. Changes in mitochondrial volume were monitored as a change in absorbance of mitochondrial suspension at 520 nm at 25°C after 20 min of incubation with varying concentrations of cadmium (+Cd) and after subsequent addition of ADP (+ADP). Mitochondrial swelling in hypo-osmotic medium (375 mOsm, Hyp) was used as a positive control. This method only provides qualitative data about the relative change of mitochondrial volume (swelling vs contraction). Values are means ± S.E.M., N=5.