Fig. 3. Mean values for the positions of the right hindlimb relative to the right hip (x=0, y=0, z=0, where x, y and z indicate anterior, dorsal and lateral, respectively) for each combination of incline (0°, 45° and 90°; columns) and locomotor surface (rows) at footfall (A) and midstance (B) on different diameter perches (1 cm, 3 cm, 6 cm, 10 cm and flat). From proximal to distal the endpoints of the line segments represent the hip, knee, ankle, distal end of the metatarsals and tip of the fourth toe. Sample sizes range from 10 to 16 strides (from four individuals per species) for each combination of the two factors. The projections onto the y–z and y–x planes correspond to anterior view and right lateral views, respectively.