Fig. 2. Effect of cadmium and various effectors on Na⁺ influx (µmol Na⁺ h^–1 10^–6 cells) in isolated digestive gland cells of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Cells were treated for 30 min either with cadmium at 50 µmol l^–1 or cadmium (50 µmol l^–1) + 20 nmol l^–1 EIPA (a selective inhibitor of Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger), or cadmium (50 µmol l^–1) + 20 nmol l^–1 calphostin C (a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C), or cadmium (50 µmol l^–1) + 10 µmol l^–1 propranolol (a ß-adrenergic antagonist). See Materials and methods for details. Values are means ± S.D. of at least 4 independent experiments. In each experiment, the tissue of four animals was used. ^*Significant difference between control value and that observed after metal treatment; significant difference between the value obtained after cadmium treatment with that obtained after cadmium + effector treatment; Dunnet's test, P<0.01.