Fig. 5. Responses to mechanical and visual oscillations about orthogonal axes have both a pitch and roll component. (A) The wingbeat response to mechanical pitch (R_m), visual roll (R_v) and the two stimuli concurrently (R_m+v) of a single fly. Each trace represents the time-averaged response to 21 trials of each stimulus. (B) Magnitude of roll and pitch components in response to simultaneous visual roll and mechanical pitch (mean ± S.E.M., N=10 flies). (C) Responses to visual pitch and mechanical roll (mean ± S.E.M., N=13 flies). The y-axis represents normalized wingbeat amplitude (WBA) units.