Fig. 6. Effects of (A) forskolin (Fsk; 10 µmol l^–1) and (B) calcium ionophore A23187 (0.5 µmol l^–1) on L-alanine-induced bioelectrical changes. Each bar represents the steady-state value for the indicated manoeuvre within the experiment. The effects of drugs, alone or in combination with inhibitors, were assessed by comparing the magnitude of potential difference (PD) or short-circuit current (I_sc) changes upon consecutive additions of L-alanine (L-ala). Values are expressed as a percentage of maximal change (% max response) within each experiment. The insets show comparisons between percentage PD and I_sc changes in response to consecutive L-alanine additions. Further details are provided in the text. Results are means ± S.E.M. of 10 different duodenal segments. *P<0.05 compared with control; P<0.05 compared with the previous experimental condition. Ctrl, control; WO, washout; NS, nonsignificant.