Fig. 1. (A) Diagram of the reproductive cycle of the male cricket. The sexually refractory stage is divided into the two substages: the first refractory stage (RS1, gray portion) between spermatophore extrusion (SE) in copulation and spermatophore preparation (SP) after copulation, and the second refractory stage (RS2, dark portion) between spermatophore preparation and the recommencement of a calling song (CS). The mating stage (MS, white portion) is the interval between the recommencement of the calling song and spermatophore extrusion. (B) Movements of the abdomen and genitalia before, during and after auto-spermatophore extrusion. (i-v) The sequence of motor actions in the posterior abdomen and external genitalia around auto-spermatophore extrusion. Abdominal contraction (Bi) starts some time after spermatophore preparation (SP). The spermatophore is extruded (Bii) with its attachment plate (not shown) ejected from the dorsal pouch of the phallic complex. Inset above Bii shows normal spermatophore extrusion during copulation with a female in which the epiphallus is hooking the subgenital plate of the female. The epiphallus is not seen but the attachment plate (AP) is observed from outside. The extruded spermatophore is soon removed (Biii-v). (C) Movements (shown as vertical bars) of the abdomen and genitalia. They are repeated together until spermatophore preparation is initiated. A, ampulla; AP, attachment plate; Auto-SE, auto-spermatophore extrusion; C, circus; Ep, epiphallus; SgP, subgenital plate; Sp, spermatophore; SPaSE, interval between spermatophore preparation and auto-spermatophore extrusion; VL, ventral lobe.