Fig. 3. Effects of manipulation of the gross temporal pattern on song discrimination. Time taken by Cicada barbara males to respond to unmanipulated and manipulated songs of C. barbara and C. orni. Oscillograms are presented below the histogram. When pauses were inserted into C. barbara song the stimulus became unattractive and males could not discriminate it from the song of C. orni. Removing the pauses within C. orni song resulted in a very attractive stimulus, indicating that males are not able to discriminate between these species using only the differences in the frequency spectra. Values are means ± 95% confidence intervals (N=5).