Fig. 5. Consequences of the `neutralization' of tenent setae (plots on the left) and removal of the claws (plots on the right) on the attainable pulling forces (species-specific arithmetic means ± S.D.) on various surfaces in three different Stenus species with different tarsal morphologies: (A) S. comma, (B) S. pubescens and (C) S. cicindeloides. The test surfaces are arranged in order of increasing surface topography. The asterisks above the error bars refer to the significance levels of Wilcoxon tests for paired comparisons: ^*P0.05; ^**P0.005; NS, not significant. Values of N are given below the x-axes.