Fig. 5. Commencement and duration of the ecdysis motor program in larvae. Animals were injected with ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) (at 0 min) and ligated 20 min later (white arrowheads). Ligatures removed the brain and suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) (—Br/SOG) or the brain, SOG and thoracic ganglia (—Br-TG), as described in Materials and methods. The solid bars represent the mean time of onset of ecdysis, while the open bars reflect the mean duration of the motor program. Values are means + S.E.M. A letter represents a significant difference between the two treatments, as assessed with the unpaired t-test (P<0.005).