Fig. 3. Comparison of the effect of wind speed on operative temperature T_es given by different T_es scales. Solid lines, 25 g shorebirds (upper line, Equation 3b; lower line, Equation 3c). Long broken lines, dark-eyed junco modeled using the best-fit wind speed dependence of u^0.7 (junco data taken from Bakken et al., 1999). Short broken lines, mallard ducklings using the best fit wind-speed dependence of u^1.0 (Bakken et al., 1999). Dotted line, Equation 4, based on published data using u^0.5 (Bakken, 1990). See text for discussion.