Fig. 12. Kinematics of the I2 muscle predicted by the model and compared with I2 lengths measured in the same magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Data in A—D are plotted as length (mm) as a function of time (ms). Data from the model are plotted using a black line; data measured from MRIs are plotted using a grey line. Frame numbers for sequences and for the onset of t4, t1 and t2 periods are given in Neustadter et al. (2002) and in the legend to Fig. 7. (A) I2 kinematics in the first swallow. (B) I2 kinematics in the second swallow. (C) I2 kinematics in the third swallow. (D) I2 kinematics in the fourth swallow. (E) Normalized, averaged and smoothed I2 kinematics during a swallowing cycle. Values are means ±1 S.D. (N=4).