JEB -- Bullen and McKenzie 205 (17): 2615 Figure IG7

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Fig. 7. (A) Plot of the three-dimensional surface represented by the wingbeat amplitude ( ${theta}$ _w) versus flight speed (V) versus log₁₀S_REF (in m²) model given by Equation 4. (B) Surface edge looking in the direction of decreasing area. (C) Surface edge looking in the direction of decreasing flight speed.