JEB -- Sun and Tang 205 (16): 2413 Figure IG5

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Fig. 5. Non-dimensional angular velocity of pitching rotation and azimuthal rotation (A), lift coefficient C_L (B) and drag coefficient C_D (C) versus time during one cycle for three midstroke angles of attack ${alpha}$ _m (symmetrical rotation, non-dimensional duration of wing rotation ${Delta}$ ${tau}$ _r=0.36 ${tau}$ _c). ${tau}$ _c, non-dimensional period of one flapping cycle; ${tau}$ , non-dimensional time.