JEB -- Sun and Tang 205 (16): 2413 Figure IG4

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Fig. 4. Comparison of the calculated lift coefficient C_L with the measured C_L. The experimental data are reproduced from Fig. 3 of Dickinson et al. (1999). (A) Advanced rotation. (B) Symmetrical rotation. (C) Delayed rotation. ${tau}$ , non-dimensional time; ${tau}$ _c, non-dimensional period of one flapping cycle.