Fig. 10. Variations in backward jumping from a vertical posture by an adult male. (A) Jumping is accompanied by flapping movements of the wings. Three frames are shown from the selected sequence in which take-off occurred at 0 ms. The wing movements propel the insect further from the pillar as it falls. (B) The insect falls, but the abdomen is not flicked forwards. The movements of the tip of the abdomen and the head are plotted in the bottom of three selected frames from the whole sequence.