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Fig. 2. Hypothesis for the function of uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3): fatty acid anions are transported out of the mitochondrial matrix to prevent accumulation of fatty acid anions inside the matrix (Schrauwen et al., 2001c). FA, fatty acid; CoA, coenzyme A; FAS, fatty acyl-CoA synthetase; CPT1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1; CPT2, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-2; {Delta}H+, proton gradient.