Fig. 7. Three-dimensional renderings (orthographic projection) of the radula-centric kinematic model of swallowing. (A—C) Latero-medial views; (D—F) dorso-ventral views; (G—I) antero-posterior views. The left-hand column is rest (model frame 1), the centre column is peak protraction (model frames 24 and 25) and the right-hand column is peak retraction (model frame 51). The right or left halves of the I1/I3 rings have been cut away to reveal internal details. Note the gaps in the rings in G and H (arrows) where the radula/odontophore has large changes in medio-lateral width and also the kinematic interference between the radular stalk and I7 volumes in C and I (arrowheads). Each frame represents 66.7 ms (normalized).