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Fig. 6. Jet angle as a function of ring axis angle. Diagrams indicate jet ({alpha}) and ring axis (ß) angle relative to the X axis as defined for vortices viewed with a horizontal (top diagram) and a vertical (bottom diagram) light sheet. Note that {alpha} is not shown in the vertical sheet diagram because jet angle relative to the X axis is 0°. Viewed in the XZ plane (horizontal light-sheet data, circles) at 1.2 FL s-1 (open symbols) or 2.2 FL s-1 (filled symbols), the angle of the jet flow to the X axis was always less than 90° (upper dotted line), indicating a thrust component to the jet. Viewed in the XY plane (vertical light-sheet data, squares), jet orientation was typically slightly negative relative to the X axis (lower dotted line) over a range of ring axis angles of more than 40°. FL, fork length.