JEB -- Ward et al. 204 (19): 3311 Figure IG7

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Fig. 7. Comparison of measured and predicted metabolic power (P_met) for (A) bird 15 and (B) bird 19. P_met was predicted for both birds from the lifting line model assuming a constant efficiency of 0.23 (LL, E_FM=0.23) and a constant efficiency of 0.18 (LL, E_FM=0.18) and for bird 15 from the vortex ring model assuming a constant efficiency of 0.23 (VR, E_FM=0.23) and a constant efficiency of 0.18 (VR, E_FM=0.18), where E_FM is flight muscle efficiency.