Fig. 7. Mean kinematic profiles of wrist dorsiflexion and palmarflexion (true angle in three dimensions) during turtle swimming. (A) Trachemys scripta, (B) Apalone spinifera. The format and method of profile calculation are the same as in Fig. 4. Angles of 0° indicate a straight wrist joint, while positive angles indicate dorsiflexion and negative angles indicate palmarflexion. The bold vertical line in each plot demarcates recovery phase (R) from thrust phase (T).